پنځوونکې رغونه

By Unipath Last updated Jan 4, 2021

When COVID-19 struck Afghanistan, the country was suffering from a shortage of medical equipment to fight the virus. But thanks to the ingenuity of five girls in the northern city of Herat, Afghanistan was able to create an inexpensive ventilator from machine parts easily available across the country. The girls — ages 14 to 17 — went online to find a mechanical solution to the ventilator shortage, designing an air pumping device powered by windshield wiper motors from Toyota Corollas no longer in service. “The idea of these machines is that we use them for emergency cases, when there are no professional ventilators. The thing in Afghanistan is, we don’t have enough ventilators,” said Afghan entrepreneur Roya Mahboob, founder of a program called Afghan Dreamers that brought the teen engineers together. “If we don’t have access to anything professional, we can use these ones.” Dreamers are selected based on high school entrance exams, and the top students formed the Afghan Girls Robotics Team. Another team is pursuing a device to help farmers pick saffron, and another is working on drones and robots to assist miners. The first cases of COVID-19 in Afghanistan were detected in Herat in February 2020. Authorities issued a plea for more ventilators. Doctors were equipped with hand-operated inflatable bags of the type used by paramedics to force air into patients’ lungs on emergency calls. But the machinery needed to produce an automated stream of air proved elusive. Somaya Farooqi, Dyana Wahbzadeh, Folernace Poya, Ellaham Mansori and Nahid Rahimi answered the call to develop a powered prototype that could be reproduced quickly and cheaply. A professional-grade ventilator can cost about $50,000, but the Afghan version would cost about $500. The girls robotics team came across a design released by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States that required attaching a cheap electric motor to the hand-operated bag. From those beginnings, the Afghan teens figured out that windshield-wiper motors from certain cars would work. With the lockdowns in Herat, the girls team had to be resourceful in finding used automobile parts. “Most of the material we are using is actually from Toyota Corolla car parts,” Team Captain Farooqi said. Because Corollas are common in Afghanistan, the ventilators should be relatively simple to reproduce. The design still needs approval by Afghanistan’s Health Ministry before being introduced across the country. Afghan Dreamers was created to promote science among Afghan girls, who traditionally have received less education than Afghan boys. In 2017, a previous robotics team attended an international competition in Washington, D.C., where members were lauded for their courage. Initially refused visas to visit the United States, the team was admitted to the country after President Donald Trump intervened in their favor. But little did the Dreamers realize that the COVID pandemic of 2020 would produce a national emergency requiring their talents. Thousands of Afghans caught the disease, and the country had just 400 ventilators for a population of nearly 40 million. “Even if it saves just one patient’s life,” Somaya said of her team’s ventilator prototype, “I’ll be happy.” Sources: National Public Radio (U.S.), the BBC, The National

افغان‭ ‬نجونې‭ ‬د‭ ‬کوویډ‭-‬‭ ‬19‭ ‬وبا‭ ‬پر‭ ‬وړاندې‭ ‬مبارزه‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬مرستې‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬د‭ ‬زړو‭ ‬موټرو‭ ‬پرزو‭ ‬په‭ ‬کارولو‭ ‬سره‭ ‬د‭ ‬مصنوعي‭ ‬سااخیستنې‭ ‬ماشینونه‭ ‬جوړوي

یونیپث‭ ‬کارکونکی

کله‭ ‬چې‭ ‬کووید‭-‬‭ ‬19‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬کې‭ ‬په‭ ‬خپرېدو‭ ‬شوه،‭ ‬دا‭ ‬هیواد‭ ‬له‭ ‬ویروس‭ ‬سره‭ ‬د‭ ‬مبارزې‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬د‭ ‬روغتیایي‭ ‬تجهیزاتو‭ ‬له‭ ‬کمښت‭ ‬سره‭ ‬مخ‭ ‬و‭.‬

خو‭ ‬په‭ ‬شمالي‭ ‬هرات‭ ‬ښار‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬پنځو‭ ‬نجونو‭ ‬له‭ ‬پنځونې‭ ‬او‭ ‬ابتکار‭ ‬څخه‭ ‬په‭ ‬مننې،‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬وکولای‭ ‬شول‭ ‬د‭ ‬ماشین‭ ‬پرزو‭ ‬پر‭ ‬مټ‭ ‬چې‭ ‬په‭ ‬اسانۍ‭ ‬سره‭ ‬په‭ ‬ټول‭ ‬هیواد‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬لاسرسي‭ ‬وړ‭ ‬دي،‭ ‬په‭ ‬ارزانه‭ ‬بیه‭ ‬د‭ ‬مصنوعي‭ ‬سا‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬ماشینونه‭ ‬جوړ‭ ‬کړي‭.‬

دغه‭ ‬نجونې‭ ‬چې‭ ‬عمرونه‭ ‬یې‭ ‬د‭ ‬14‭ ‬څخه‭ ‬تر‭ ‬17‭ ‬پورې‭ ‬دي،‭ ‬د‭ ‬مصنوعي‭ ‬سا‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬ماشین‭ ‬د‭ ‬کمښت‭ ‬له‭ ‬وجې‭ ‬د‭ ‬میخانیکي‭ ‬حل‭ ‬لارې‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬په‭ ‬انټرنټ‭ ‬کې‭ ‬څیړنه‭ ‬پیل‭ ‬کړه،‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬هوا‭ ‬پمپ‭ ‬کولو‭ ‬یو‭ ‬وسیله‭ ‬یې‭ ‬طرح‭ ‬کړه،‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ټویټا‭ ‬کورولا‭ ‬زړو‭ ‬موټرو‭ ‬د‭ ‬ښیښې‭ ‬د‭ ‬پاکولو‭ ‬له‭ ‬پایپونو‭ ‬څخه‭ ‬جوړ‭ ‬شوي‭ .‬

افغانه‭ ‬سوداګره،‭ ‬رویا‭ ‬محبوب‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬افغان‭ ‬لرلیدونکي‭ ‬په‭ ‬نوم‭ ‬چې‭ ‬موخه‭ ‬یې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ځوانانو‭ ‬یوځای‭ ‬کول‭ ‬دي،‭ ‬د‭ ‬یو‭ ‬پروګرام‭ ‬بنسټ‭ ‬اېښېدونکې‭ ‬ده،‭ ‬وایي،‭ “‬د‭ ‬دې‭ ‬ماشینونو‭ ‬څخه‭ ‬هدف‭ ‬دا‭ ‬دی‭ ‬چې‭ ‬موږ‭ ‬یې‭ ‬د‭ ‬بېړنیو‭ ‬پیښو‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬مهال‭ ‬کاروو،‭ ‬چې‭ ‬مسلکي‭ ‬ماشینونه‭ ‬شتون‭ ‬ونلري‭. ‬په‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬کې‭ ‬موضوع‭ ‬دا‭ ‬ده،‭ ‬چې‭ ‬موږ‭ ‬کافي‭ ‬د‭ ‬سا‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬ماشینونه‭ ‬نلرو‭. ‬که‭ ‬موږ‭ ‬مسلکي‭ ‬ماشینونو‭ ‬ته‭ ‬لاسرسی‭ ‬ونه‭ ‬لرو،‭ ‬نو‭ ‬دا‭ ‬به‭ ‬وکاروو‭.‬‭”‬

د افغانو نجونو روباټیک ټیم د موټرو پرزو په کارولو سره د سا اخیستنې مصنوعي ماشین جوړوي. اسوشیټیډ پرس

لرلیدونکي‭ ‬د‭ ‬عالي‭ ‬لیسې‭ ‬د‭ ‬داخلې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ازموینو‭ ‬پر‭ ‬بنسټ‭ ‬غوره‭ ‬کیږي،‭ ‬او‭ ‬غوره‭ ‬زده‭ ‬کونکو‭ ‬د‭ ‬نجونو‭ ‬روبوټکس‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬رامینځته‭ ‬کړ‭. ‬بل‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬داسې‭ ‬وسیلې‭ ‬جوړولو‭ ‬هڅه‭ ‬کوي‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬کروندګرو‭ ‬سره‭ ‬د‭ ‬زعفرانو‭ ‬په‭ ‬ټولولو‭ ‬کې‭ ‬مرسته‭ ‬وکړي،‭ ‬او‭ ‬بل‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬د‭ ‬مین‭ ‬پاکانو‭ ‬سره‭ ‬د‭ ‬مرستې‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬په‭ ‬بي‭ ‬پیلوټه‭ ‬الوتکې‭ ‬او‭ ‬اتومات‭ ‬ماشینونو‭ ‬باندې‭ ‬کار‭ ‬کوي‭. ‬

په‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬کووید‭-‬‭ ‬19‭ ‬لومړۍ‭ ‬پېښه‭ ‬د‭ ‬2020‭ ‬په‭ ‬فبروري‭ ‬میاشت‭ ‬کې‭ ‬په‭ ‬هرات‭ ‬کې‭ ‬وموندل‭ ‬شوه‭. ‬چارواکو‭ ‬د‭ ‬زیاتو‭ ‬ساه‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬ماشینونو‭ ‬غوښتنه‭ ‬وکړه‭. ‬ډاکټران‭ ‬په‭ ‬داسې‭ ‬لاسي‭ ‬بادي‭ ‬کڅوړو‭ ‬مجهز‭ ‬وو‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬مرسته‭ ‬کوونکو‭ ‬روغتیایي‭ ‬کارکوونکو‭ ‬لخوا‭ ‬کارول‭ ‬کیږي‭ ‬چې‭ ‬په‭ ‬مرسته‭ ‬یې‭ ‬په‭ ‬پېړنیو‭ ‬پیښو‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ناروغ‭ ‬سږو‭ ‬ته‭ ‬هوا‭ ‬په‭ ‬فشار‭ ‬سره‭ ‬دننه‭ ‬کیږي‭. ‬مګر‭ ‬د‭ ‬هوا‭ ‬اتوماتیک‭ ‬جریان‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬د‭ ‬اړتیا‭ ‬وړ‭ ‬ماشین‭ ‬تېرایستونکی‭ ‬ثابت‭ ‬شو‭.‬

سومیه‭ ‬فاروقي،‭ ‬دیانا‭ ‬وهابزاده،‭ ‬فولرناس‭ ‬پویا،‭ ‬ایلهام‭ ‬منصوري‭ ‬او‭ ‬ناهيد‭ ‬رحیمي‭ ‬د‭ ‬یو‭ ‬برقي‭ ‬موډل‭ ‬د‭ ‬جوړولو‭ ‬غوښتنې‭ ‬ته‭ ‬ځواب‭ ‬ورکړ‭ ‬چې‭ ‬کیدی‭ ‬شي‭ ‬په‭ ‬چټکه‭ ‬او‭ ‬ارزانه‭ ‬بیه‭ ‬تولید‭ ‬شي‭. ‬د‭ ‬مسلکي‭ ‬درجې‭ ‬لرونکي‭ ‬سا‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬ماشین‭ ‬نږدې‭ ‬50000‭ ‬ډالر‭ ‬لګښت‭ ‬لرلی‭ ‬شي،‭ ‬خو‭ ‬د‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬نسخه‭ ‬به‭ ‬شاوخوا‭ ‬500‭ ‬ډالر‭ ‬لګښت‭ ‬ولري‭.‬

د‭ ‬انجونو‭ ‬روبوټیکس‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬په‭ ‬متحده‭ ‬ایالاتو‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ماساچوسیټس‭ ‬ټیکنالوژۍ‭ ‬انستیتوت‭ ‬لخوا‭ ‬خپور‭ ‬شوي‭ ‬ډیزاین‭ ‬څخه‭ ‬کار‭ ‬واخیست‭ ‬چې‭ ‬لاسي‭ ‬چلیدونکې‭ ‬کڅوړې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ارزانه‭ ‬بریښنایی‭ ‬موټور‭ ‬نښلیدلو‭ ‬ته‭ ‬اړتیا‭ ‬لري‭. ‬د‭ ‬دې‭ ‬کار‭ ‬له‭ ‬پیل‭ ‬څخه،‭ ‬افغان‭ ‬نجونو‭ ‬وموندله‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ځانګړو‭ ‬موټرو‭ ‬د‭ ‬کړکۍ‭ ‬پاکولو‭ ‬موتور‭ ‬کار‭ ‬ورکوي‭.‬

په‭ ‬هرات‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬قرنطین‭ ‬ترڅنګ،‭ ‬د‭ ‬نجونو‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬باید‭ ‬د‭ ‬وسایطو‭ ‬زړو‭ ‬پرزو‭ ‬د‭ ‬موندلو‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬په‭ ‬ځیرکۍ‭ ‬سره‭ ‬عمل‭ ‬کړی‭ ‬وای‭. ‬د‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬کپتان‭ ‬فاروقي‭ ‬وویل،‭ “‬ډیری‭ ‬مواد‭ ‬چې‭ ‬موږ‭ ‬یې‭ ‬کاروو‭ ‬په‭ ‬حقیقت‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ټیوټا‭ ‬کرولا‭ ‬موټرو‭ ‬پرزو‭ ‬څخه‭ ‬دي‭.”‬

ځکه‭ ‬چې‭ ‬کرولا‭ ‬په‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬کې‭ ‬معمولاٌ‭ ‬کارول‭ ‬کیږي،‭ ‬او‭ ‬د‭ ‬سا‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬ماشینونه‭ ‬جوړول‭ ‬ښایي‭ ‬نسبتا‭ ‬ساده‭ ‬کار‭ ‬وي‭. ‬ډیزاین‭ ‬لاهم‭ ‬په‭ ‬ټول‭ ‬هیواد‭ ‬کې‭ ‬د‭ ‬وېشل‭ ‬کېدو‭ ‬او‭ ‬ورپېژندل‭ ‬کېدو‭ ‬دمخه‭ ‬باید‭ ‬د‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬د‭ ‬روغتیا‭ ‬وزارت‭ ‬لخوا‭ ‬تایید‭ ‬شي‭.‬

د‭ ‬افغانستان‭ ‬لرلیدونکی‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬د‭ ‬افغان‭ ‬نجونو‭ ‬ترمنځ‭ ‬د‭ ‬ساینس‭ ‬د‭ ‬پراختیا‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬رامینځته‭ ‬شوي،‭ ‬چې‭ ‬په‭ ‬دوديز‭ ‬ډول‭ ‬یې‭ ‬د‭ ‬افغان‭ ‬هلکانو‭ ‬په‭ ‬پرتله‭ ‬کمې‭ ‬زده‭ ‬کړه‭ ‬کړي‭. ‬په‭ ‬2017‭ ‬کې‭ ‬پخوانی‭ ‬روبوټکس‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬په‭ ‬واشنګټن‭ ‬کې‭ ‬په‭ ‬یوه‭ ‬نړیواله‭ ‬سیالۍ‭ ‬کې‭ ‬برخه‭ ‬واخیسته،‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬غړي‭ ‬د‭ ‬دوی‭ ‬د‭ ‬زړورتیا‭ ‬له‭ ‬کبله‭ ‬وستایل‭ ‬شول‭. ‬په‭ ‬پیل‭ ‬کې‭ ‬متحده‭ ‬ایالاتو‭ ‬ته‭ ‬د‭ ‬سفر‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬دوی‭ ‬ته‭ ‬ویزې‭ ‬ورنکړل‭ ‬شوې‭. ‬ټیم‭ ‬د‭ ‬ولسمشر‭ ‬ډونالډ‭ ‬ټرمپ‭ ‬له‭ ‬مداخلې‭ ‬وروسته‭ ‬امریکا‭ ‬ته‭ ‬ولاړ‭.‬

لرلیدونکی‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬پدې‭ ‬اړه‭ ‬کم‭ ‬پوهاوی‭ ‬درلود‭ ‬چې‭ ‬د‭ ‬2020‭ ‬کروناویروس‭ ‬وبا‭ ‬به‭ ‬ملي‭ ‬بیړنی‭ ‬حالت‭ ‬رامینځته‭ ‬کړي‭ ‬او‭ ‬د‭ ‬دوی‭ ‬استعداد‭ ‬ته‭ ‬به‭ ‬اړتیا‭ ‬پیدا‭ ‬شي‭. ‬په‭ ‬زرګونو‭ ‬افغانان‭ ‬په‭ ‬ناروغۍ‭ ‬اخته‭ ‬شول،‭ ‬او‭ ‬دغه‭ ‬هیواد‭ ‬د‭ ‬نږدې‭ ‬40‭ ‬ملیونه‭ ‬نفوس‭ ‬لپاره‭ ‬یوازې‭ ‬400‭ ‬د‭ ‬سا‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬مصنوعي‭ ‬ماشینونه‭ ‬درلودل‭.‬

سمیه‭ ‬د‭ ‬خپل‭ ‬ټیم‭ ‬د‭ ‬سا‭ ‬اخیستنې‭ ‬د‭ ‬ماشین‭ ‬د‭ ‬نمونې‭ ‬په‭ ‬اړه‭ ‬وویل،‭ “‬حتی‭ ‬نو‭ ‬زه‭ ‬به‭ ‬ډېره‭ ‬خوښه‭ ‬شم،‭ ‬که‭ ‬چېرته‭ ‬د‭ ‬یو‭ ‬ناروغ‭ ‬ژوند‭ ‬هم‭ ‬وژغوري‭.” ‬

سرچينې‭: ‬ملي‭ ‬عامه‭ ‬راډیو‭ (‬متحده‭ ‬ایالات‭)‬،‭ ‬بي‭ ‬بي‭ ‬سي،‭ ‬ملي